Format of discuss both views and give your opinion

 *Discuss both views and give your opinion*

Introduction

In today’s society, [key line] .while some people argue that [View 1], others believe that [View 2]. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my considered opinion.

Body Paragraph 1

On the one hand, many people believe that [View 1]. Firstly, not only [Idea 1], but also [Idea 2]; therefore, [result/explanation]. For example, [specific example]. Secondly, unlike [contrast], [Idea 3 + explanation]. Hence, it is considered that [summary of View 1].

Body Paragraph 2

On the other hand, critics argue that [View 2]. Primarily, [main reason], since [explanation]. For instance, [specific example]. Moreover, [second reason] because [explanation]. Thus, it is regarded that [summary of View 2].

Opinion

In my considered opinion, although [acknowledge the other view], [your position]. [Reason 1], while [Reason 2]. Therefore, I believe that [clear final opinion].

Some people believe that children should begin learning a foreign language at primary school, while others think it is better to start at secondary school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.•*

 Question

*Some people believe that children should begin learning a foreign language at primary school, while others think it is better to start at secondary school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.•*

# Foreign Language Learning in Schools

**Introduction**

In today’s society, learning a foreign language has become an increasingly valuable educational skill. While some people argue that children should begin learning a foreign language at primary school, others believe that it is more appropriate to start at secondary school. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my considered opinion.

**Body Paragraph 1**

On the one hand, many people believe that children should learn a foreign language from an early age. Firstly, not only are young children generally more receptive to new languages, but also they can develop accurate pronunciation and natural communication skills; therefore, starting early may enable them to achieve greater fluency in the long term. For example, children who are exposed to English through songs, games and classroom activities from primary school often develop a stronger understanding of pronunciation and everyday expressions. Secondly, unlike older students, young learners tend to acquire languages intuitively rather than relying heavily on grammatical rules. Hence, it is considered that introducing a foreign language at primary school can provide children with a strong linguistic foundation.

**Body Paragraph 2**

On the other hand, critics argue that foreign-language education should begin at secondary school. Primarily, older students are generally more cognitively mature, since they have developed stronger concentration, analytical abilities and study habits. For instance, secondary-school students may be better equipped to understand complex grammatical structures and memorise vocabulary systematically. Moreover, postponing language education can allow primary-school children to concentrate on fundamental subjects such as literacy, numeracy and basic scientific concepts because these skills are essential for their overall academic development. Thus, it is regarded that beginning foreign-language education at secondary school may make learning more structured and academically efficient.

**Opinion**

In my considered opinion, although secondary-school students may possess greater cognitive maturity, foreign-language education should ideally begin at primary school. Early exposure enables children to develop natural pronunciation and confidence, while their greater receptiveness makes language acquisition more enjoyable and intuitive. Therefore, I believe that introducing a foreign language at primary level, while gradually increasing its complexity in secondary school, is the most effective approach.

Some people believe that children should be encouraged to use technology from an early age, while others think that excessive exposure to technology can be harmful. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

 Some people believe that children should be encouraged to use technology from an early age, while others think that excessive exposure to technology can be harmful. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Technology and Children

Introduction

In today’s technology-driven society, digital devices have become an integral part of children's education and daily lives. While some people argue that children should be encouraged to use technology from an early age, others believe that excessive exposure to digital devices can have detrimental consequences. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my considered opinion.

Body Paragraph 1

On the one hand, many people believe that early exposure to technology can benefit children. Firstly, not only can digital devices provide access to a vast range of educational resources, but also they can make learning more interactive; therefore, children may develop greater motivation and curiosity. For example, educational applications can help young learners practise mathematics, vocabulary and problem-solving through interactive games. Secondly, unlike traditional learning methods alone, technology can provide children with immediate feedback and personalised activities according to their abilities. Hence, it is considered that appropriate technological exposure can enhance children's educational development.

Body Paragraph 2

On the other hand, critics argue that excessive technology use can negatively affect children's development. Primarily, prolonged screen exposure can reduce opportunities for physical activity and face-to-face interaction, since children may spend considerable amounts of time sitting indoors with electronic devices. For instance, a child who spends several hours playing video games may have less time for outdoor play and social interaction. Moreover, unrestricted access to digital content can interfere with concentration and healthy routines because children may become overly dependent on constant entertainment. Thus, it is regarded that excessive technology use can undermine children's physical and social well-being.

Opinion

In my considered opinion, although technology can be an exceptionally useful educational tool, children's access to it should be carefully regulated. Digital resources can enhance learning, while reasonable screen-time limits can ensure that children continue to participate in physical activities and meaningful social interaction. Therefore, I believe that supervised and balanced technology use is considerably more beneficial than either unrestricted access or complete avoidance.

Some people believe that university education should be free for everyone, while others think students should pay tuition fees. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

 Some people believe that university education should be free for everyone, while others think students should pay tuition fees. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Free University Education

Introduction

In today’s society, higher education has become an essential pathway to professional and personal development. While some people argue that university education should be provided free of charge, others believe that students should be responsible for paying tuition fees. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my considered opinion.

Body Paragraph 1

On the one hand, many people believe that university education should be free for everyone. Firstly, not only would free education make higher learning accessible to students from disadvantaged backgrounds, but also it would promote greater social equality; therefore, talented individuals would have the opportunity to pursue academic careers regardless of their financial circumstances. For example, a capable student from a low-income family could attend medical school without accumulating substantial debt. Secondly, unlike a fee-based system, publicly funded universities can encourage more young people to acquire advanced qualifications, which can subsequently contribute to a country's skilled workforce. Hence, it is considered that free higher education can benefit both individuals and society.

Body Paragraph 2

On the other hand, critics argue that students should pay at least part of the cost of their university education. Primarily, tuition fees can reduce the financial burden on governments, since maintaining universities, laboratories and highly qualified academic staff requires substantial public expenditure. For instance, governments can redirect some of their education budgets towards primary schools, hospitals and other essential public services. Moreover, students who contribute financially may take their studies more seriously because they have a personal investment in their education. Thus, it is regarded that tuition fees can make higher education more financially sustainable and encourage greater responsibility among students.

Opinion

In my considered opinion, although students can reasonably contribute towards the cost of their education, university tuition should be heavily subsidised by governments. Free or affordable access enables talented students from poorer families to succeed, while moderate fees can help universities maintain high-quality facilities. Therefore, I believe that a subsidised system, supported by scholarships and income-based assistance, is the most equitable approach.

TOEFL SPEAKING

 

Exam Format

Duration: About 2 hours

Section	Time	Questions/Tasks	Score
Reading	35 minutes	20 questions (2 passages)	0–30
Listening	36 minutes	28 questions	0–30
Speaking	16 minutes	4 tasks	0–30
Writing	29 minutes	2 tasks	0–30

Total Score: 0–120

SPEAKING (

Scoring

0–30)

Task	Type	What You Read	What You Listen To	Preparation Time	Speaking Time	What You Must Do
Task 1	Independent	❌ None	❌ None	15 seconds	45 seconds	Express your opinion and support it with reasons and examples.
Task 2	Integrated	✔ Read a short campus announcement (≈50 words)	✔ A conversation between two students	30 seconds	60 seconds	Summarize the student's opinion and explain the reasons.
Task 3	Integrated	✔ Read an academic concept (≈50–100 words)	✔ A professor's lecture	30 seconds	60 seconds	Explain the academic concept using the lecture example.
Task 4	Integrated	❌ None	✔ An academic lecture	20 seconds	60 seconds	Summarize the lecture and explain the key points.

SPEAKING 

TOEFL Speaking Task 1 (Independent)

Preparation: 15 seconds
Speaking: 45 seconds

Template

Personally, I prefer __________.

The first reason is that __________. For example, __________.

Another reason is that __________. As a result, __________.

For these reasons, I believe __________ is the better choice.

Sample Question

Do you prefer studying at home or in a library?

Band 30 Sample Answer

Personally, I prefer studying at home.

The first reason is that I can concentrate better because it's quiet and comfortable. For example, I usually study in my bedroom where I have all my books and notes.

Another reason is that studying at home saves me time because I don't have to travel to the library. As a result, I can spend more time preparing for my exams.

For these reasons, I believe studying at home is the better option.

Task 2 – Campus Situation (60 seconds)

Reading (45–60 words)

The university plans to install self-service kiosks in the cafeteria. Students will be able to order and pay for their meals using touch-screen machines instead of waiting in line at the cashier. The university believes this change will reduce waiting times and improve customer service.

Listening (Conversation Summary)

A male student supports the proposal.

He gives two reasons:

1. Students often have only a short break between classes, so faster service will save time.
2. The kiosks will reduce long lines, especially during lunchtime, making the cafeteria less crowded.

Speaking Question

The man expresses his opinion about the university's proposal. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives.

Template

The university announces that __________.

The student supports/opposes this decision.

First, he/she says __________.

Second, he/she explains that __________.

Therefore, he/she believes this is a good/bad decision.

Sample Answer

The university announces that the library will remain open until midnight during exams.

The student supports this decision.

First, he says many students work during the day, so they need extra time to study.

Second, he explains that the library is much quieter than student housing.

Therefore, he believes the longer opening hours will help students perform better in their exams.

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🎤 Task 3 – Academic Reading + Lecture (60 seconds)

Reading

Concept: Habituation

Habituation is a process in which an animal gradually stops responding to a repeated stimulus that is harmless. This allows the animal to save energy by ignoring things that do not pose a threat.

Listening (Lecture Summary)

The professor describes birds living near a railway station.

At first, the birds fly away whenever a train passes because they are frightened by the noise.

After several weeks, they realize the trains never harm them, so they continue eating and no longer react to the sound.

Speaking Question

Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of habituation.

Template

The reading explains __________.

In the lecture, the professor gives an example of __________.

First, __________.

Then, __________.

This example clearly illustrates the concept described in the reading.

Sample Answer

The reading explains the concept of the primacy effect, which means people remember the first information they receive better than later information.

In the lecture, the professor gives the example of a job interview.

First, the candidate arrives on time and makes a positive first impression.

Then, even though the rest of the interview is average, the interviewer still remembers the candidate positively.

This example clearly illustrates the primacy effect.

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🎤 Task 4 – Lecture Summary (60 seconds)

Listening (Lecture Summary)

The professor discusses seed dispersal by animals.

He explains two methods:

Method 1
Some animals eat fruit and later drop the seeds in different places after digestion. This helps plants grow far from the parent tree.

Method 2
Some seeds have tiny hooks that attach to an animal's fur. When the animal walks away, the seeds eventually fall off and grow in a new location.

Speaking Question

Using points and examples from the lecture, explain the two methods of seed dispersal discussed by the professor.

Template

The professor discusses __________.

First, he/she explains __________.

Then, he/she gives the example of __________.

Next, he/she mentions __________.

Overall, the lecture shows __________.

Sample Answer

The professor discusses mutualism, a relationship in which two species benefit from each other.

First, she explains that bees collect nectar from flowers for food.

Then, she says the bees carry pollen from one flower to another.

As a result, the flowers are able to reproduce.

Overall, the lecture shows that both bees and flowers benefit from this relationship. 

 

 

TOEFL WRITING

 

Exam Format

Duration: About 2 hours

Section	Time	Questions/Tasks	Score
Reading	35 minutes	20 questions (2 passages)	0–30
Listening	36 minutes	28 questions	0–30
Speaking	16 minutes	4 tasks	0–30
Writing	29 minutes	2 tasks	0–30

Total Score: 0–120

Task-1 

Integrated Writing: Focus on comparing the lecture with the reading.

150–225 words for Integrated Writing

TOEFL Integrated Writing Template (20 minutes)

Introduction

The reading passage argues that __________. However, the lecturer disagrees with this view and challenges each of the author's main points.

Body Paragraph 1

First, the reading claims that __________. In contrast, the lecturer explains that __________. According to the lecturer, __________. Therefore, this point directly contradicts the argument presented in the reading.

Body Paragraph 2

Second, the passage states that __________. However, the professor argues that __________. Furthermore, he/she points out that __________. As a result, the reading's claim is not convincing.

Body Paragraph 3

Finally, the author suggests that __________. On the other hand, the lecturer believes that __________. He/She explains that __________. Consequently, the lecture casts doubt on the final point made in the reading.

Conclusion (Optional)

Overall, the lecturer refutes all three arguments presented in the reading by providing convincing counterarguments.

*Example*

TOEFL Writing Task 1 (Integrated)

Reading Passage

Many universities are considering replacing printed textbooks with digital textbooks. Supporters believe that digital books are more convenient, cheaper, and environmentally friendly.

Listening

The professor disagrees with the proposal. She argues that many students become distracted while reading on electronic devices. She also points out that prolonged screen time may cause eye strain, making it difficult for students to study for long periods. Finally, she believes that not every student owns a suitable device, which could create inequality.

Writing Prompt

Summarize the points made in the lecture and explain how they challenge the arguments in the reading passage.

Model Response (≈180 words)

The reading passage argues that universities should replace printed textbooks with digital ones because they are more convenient, less expensive, and environmentally friendly. However, the lecturer disagrees with these claims and explains why this proposal may not be beneficial.

First, the reading suggests that digital textbooks are more convenient because students can access them anywhere. In contrast, the lecturer argues that electronic devices often distract students with notifications, social media, and other applications, making it harder for them to concentrate on their studies.

Second, although the passage claims that digital books reduce costs, the lecturer points out that many students do not own reliable laptops or tablets. Purchasing these devices could actually increase educational expenses for some students.

Finally, the reading states that digital textbooks are environmentally friendly because they reduce paper consumption. The lecturer acknowledges this benefit but argues that excessive screen time can cause eye strain and headaches, making digital learning less comfortable for many students.

Overall, the lecture challenges each of the reading passage's arguments by emphasizing practical disadvantages associated with digital textbooks.

*Task-2*

TOEFL Academic Discussion 

100–150 words

Template (10 minutes)

Introduction

I believe that __________ because it offers several important advantages.

OR

Although both viewpoints have merit, I agree that __________.

Body Paragraph

One important reason is that __________. For example, __________. As a result, __________.

Another reason is that __________. In addition, __________. Therefore, __________.

Conclusion

Overall, I believe that __________ because the benefits clearly outweigh the disadvantages.

*example*

TOEFL Writing Task 2 (Academic Discussion)

Professor

Some people believe that students should be required to complete community service before graduating. Others think community service should remain voluntary.

What is your opinion?

Student A

I think community service should be mandatory because it teaches responsibility and helps students develop important life skills.

Student B

I disagree. Students already have many academic responsibilities, so community service should be optional.

Model Response (≈140 words)

I believe community service should be encouraged but not made compulsory.

Although volunteering offers many benefits, students have different academic schedules, family responsibilities, and financial situations. Making community service mandatory could place unnecessary pressure on those who already struggle to balance their commitments.

However, schools should strongly encourage students to participate by offering certificates, academic credit, or awards. This approach would motivate students without forcing them to volunteer. In addition, those who choose to participate would likely be more enthusiastic and committed, resulting in a greater positive impact on the community.

Overall, I believe voluntary community service is a better option because it respects students' individual circumstances while still promoting social responsibility and personal development.

Class 10 | ANALYTICAL PARAGRAPH

 1. *Analytical Paragraph Writing a statement, premise, situation, or argument*

The given statement highlights the issue of __________. This topic has become increasingly important in modern society because it affects both individuals and communities. To begin with, __________. This is important because __________. Moreover, not only does __________, but it also __________. For instance, __________. As a result, __________. Furthermore, __________. However, __________. Unlike __________, __________. People can either __________ or __________ depending on the situation. Therefore, __________. In conclusion, the statement clearly demonstrates that __________. It is essential for individuals and society to __________ in order to achieve positive outcomes.

Statement-Based Example

Statement:

"Technology has made people's lives easier."

Analytical Paragraph:

Technology has become an essential part of modern life and has greatly improved the way people live and work. To begin with, it enables faster communication through mobile phones, emails, and social media. This is important because people can stay connected regardless of distance. Moreover, technology has simplified daily tasks through online banking, shopping, and digital services. For example, individuals can pay bills and purchase products without leaving their homes. As a result, time and effort are saved. Furthermore, technology has improved education and healthcare by providing easy access to information and advanced medical treatments. Therefore, it plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of life. In conclusion, technology has undoubtedly made life easier and more convenient for people around the world.

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Situation-Based Example

Situation:

Students spend too much time on mobile phones.

Students today spend a considerable amount of time using mobile phones for entertainment and social networking. While mobile phones can be useful for learning and communication, excessive use can negatively affect academic performance. Firstly, students may become distracted from their studies and spend less time completing assignments. Moreover, prolonged screen time can cause health issues such as eye strain and lack of physical activity. For example, many students prefer using phones instead of participating in outdoor activities. As a result, both their health and academic progress may suffer. In conclusion, students should use mobile phones responsibly and maintain a balance between technology and other activities.

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Argument-Based Example

Argument:

"School uniforms should be compulsory."

The argument that school uniforms should be compulsory has both supporters and critics. On one hand, uniforms promote equality among students by reducing visible differences in economic backgrounds. Moreover, they help create a sense of discipline and belonging within the school community. On the other hand, some students believe uniforms limit personal expression and individuality. However, the benefits of uniforms generally outweigh the drawbacks because they encourage a focused learning environment. In conclusion, making school uniforms compulsory can contribute positively to discipline, equality, and school identity.

2. Class 9 Analytical Paragraph (SWOT) – 120-Word Template

The given information presents a SWOT analysis of __________. It highlights the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with __________. To begin with, __________ has several strengths. Not only is it __________, but it also __________. Moreover, __________. As a result, __________. Furthermore, it provides various opportunities. For instance, __________. Therefore, __________. However, there are certain weaknesses that cannot be ignored. Firstly, __________. In addition, __________. Consequently, __________. Despite these benefits, some threats also exist. Unlike __________, __________. Moreover, __________. This may lead to __________. In conclusion, although __________ has some weaknesses and threats, its strengths and opportunities outweigh the drawbacks. Therefore, it should/should not be encouraged because

120-Word Analytical Paragraph (Packaged Drinking Water)

The given information presents a SWOT analysis of packaged drinking water. It highlights its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. To begin with, packaged drinking water is easily available, convenient to carry, and safe to use as it is filtered and purified. Not only is it useful during travel and emergencies, but it is also available in various sizes. Moreover, it creates employment opportunities and provides safe drinking water in water-scarce areas. However, there are certain drawbacks. It is expensive and generates large amounts of plastic waste, which harms the environment. Furthermore, it may contain harmful chemicals and is not affordable for everyone. In conclusion, although packaged drinking water has some disadvantages, its benefits outweigh the drawbacks and it should not be completely banned.

3. This is a Problem & Solution Based Analytical Paragraph.

120-Word Template

The given situation highlights the problem of __________. This issue has become a matter of concern because it affects __________. To begin with, __________ is causing several difficulties. Not only does it __________, but it also __________. Moreover, __________. As a result, __________. Furthermore, the problem may lead to __________ in the long run. However, certain measures can be taken to address this issue. Firstly, __________ should __________. In addition, __________ can __________. For instance, __________. Therefore, __________. In conclusion, although __________ is a serious challenge, it can be effectively managed through proper planning and cooperation. Hence, implementing these solutions will help achieve __________ and prevent future problems.

Problem–Solution Analytical Paragraph (120 Words)

The given situation highlights the problem of increasing traffic congestion in cities. This issue has become a major concern because it affects both commuters and the environment.

To begin with, heavy traffic causes several difficulties. Not only does it waste valuable time, but it also increases air pollution. Moreover, people often arrive late for work, school, and important appointments. As a result, productivity decreases and stress levels rise.

However, certain measures can be taken to address this issue. Firstly, the government should improve public transportation facilities. In addition, people can be encouraged to use carpooling and bicycles. For instance, dedicated cycling lanes can reduce the number of private vehicles on roads. Therefore, traffic congestion can be significantly reduced.

In conclusion, although traffic congestion is a serious challenge, effective planning and public cooperation can help solve this problem and improve the quality of life. (120 words)

4. This is a Decision-Making / Evaluation-Based Analytical Paragraph (also called a Selection-Based Analytical Paragraph).

Suggestion, advice or proposal based 

In this type of question, you:

1. Analyze the given profiles/options.
2. Compare their strengths and weaknesses.
3. Choose the best option.
4. Justify your decision with reasons.

---

120-Word Template

The given situation requires selecting the most suitable __________ based on the provided information. After carefully analysing all the options, __________ appears to be the best choice. To begin with, __________ possesses several qualities that match the requirements. Not only does __________, but also __________. Moreover, __________. As a result, __________. Although __________ has certain strengths, __________. Similarly, __________ is good at __________; however, __________. Therefore, these limitations make them less suitable for the role. In conclusion, considering the strengths, weaknesses, and overall requirements, __________ is the most appropriate choice. Hence, selecting __________ would ensure better performance, effective teamwork, and successful completion of the task.

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Sample Answer (Jaspreet's Partner)

The given situation requires selecting the most suitable partner for Jaspreet's art-integrated project presentation. After carefully analysing all three candidates, Sunaina appears to be the best choice.

To begin with, Sunaina possesses several qualities that match Jaspreet's requirements. Not only is she highly disciplined and organised, but she also manages multiple tasks efficiently. Moreover, her ability to meet deadlines can help Jaspreet overcome her weakness in time management. As a result, they can complete the project successfully.

Although Tahassum is creative and enthusiastic, she sometimes struggles to stay focused and finish tasks on time. Similarly, Alice is confident and detail-oriented; however, she may dominate collaborative efforts, which could affect teamwork.

In conclusion, considering the project requirements and complementary strengths, Sunaina is the most appropriate choice. Hence, selecting her would ensure effective teamwork and timely completion of the presentation.

Word Count: ~120

5. Information-Based Analytical Paragraph Template (120 Words)

The given table provides information about ________ and ________, including their causes, effects, and impact. Overall, it is evident that both issues affect the environment and human life; however, they differ in their nature, timescale, and consequences. Firstly, ________ is mainly caused by ________. It has a global/local impact and results in ________. Moreover, its effects on human health include ________. In addition, the consequences are generally long-term/short-term. On the other hand, ________ is caused by ________. It leads to ________ and directly affects people through ________. Furthermore, its impact is usually immediate/long-term. In conclusion, both issues are serious concerns and require effective measures to protect human health and the environment.

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Sample Answer (Climate Change vs Air Pollution) – 120 Words

The given table provides information about climate change and air pollution, including their causes, effects, and impact on human health. Overall, it is evident that both environmental issues are largely caused by human activities; however, they differ in their consequences and timescale. Firstly, climate change is mainly caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide released through the burning of fossil fuels. It has a global impact and results in global warming and rising sea levels. Moreover, its effects on human health are mostly indirect and occur over a long period. On the other hand, air pollution is caused by pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, and particulate matter. It leads to smog and acid rain and directly causes breathing problems, asthma, and other health issues. Furthermore, its effects are immediate and local or regional. In conclusion, both climate change and air pollution are serious environmental challenges that require urgent action and sustainable solutions.

6. INFOGRAPHIC (emergency situation ) 

120–150 Word Template

The given infographic provides information about __________ and the steps that should be followed during different emergency situations. Overall, it is evident that each emergency requires specific actions to ensure safety and prevent further risks. Firstly, in the case of __________, individuals should __________. They are advised to __________ and avoid __________. Moreover, people should follow the instructions given by authorities and remain calm. Secondly, during __________, it is important to __________. Furthermore, individuals should __________ and wait until the situation becomes safe. Finally, in the event of __________, people must __________. They should also __________ to minimize danger. In conclusion, following proper emergency procedures can protect lives and reduce the impact of unexpected situations.

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Sample Answer (130 Words)

The given infographic provides information about three emergency situations: evacuation, shelter-in-place, and lockdown. Overall, each situation requires different safety measures to protect people from harm. Firstly, evacuation is necessary during fire alarms, power outages, or when directed by authorities. People should leave the building immediately through the nearest safe exit, remain calm, and avoid using elevators. They should also assist others if it is safe to do so and wait in the evacuation area. Secondly, shelter-in-place is required during severe weather or hazardous material spills. Individuals should stay indoors, move to an interior room away from windows, and use phones only for emergencies. Finally, lockdown procedures apply during violence or threats of violence. People should secure doors and windows, switch off lights, remain quiet, and stay in a safe area until instructed by law enforcement. In conclusion, understanding these procedures helps ensure safety during emergencies.

7. Process Description-Based Analytical Paragraph

Universal Template (120–150 Words)

The given flowchart/diagram/infographic illustrates the process of __________. Overall, the process consists of __________ stages and aims to __________. Firstly, __________. This step is important because __________. Next, __________. Moreover, __________ to ensure that the process is carried out effectively. After that, __________. Furthermore, individuals should __________ while avoiding __________. These measures help maintain safety and efficiency throughout the process. Finally, __________. Once all the steps have been completed, __________. In conclusion, the process follows a systematic sequence of actions that helps achieve the desired outcome safely and effectively.

Example 

Topic: Rainwater Harvesting Process

The given flowchart illustrates the process of rainwater harvesting. Overall, the process involves collecting, filtering, storing, and utilizing rainwater for various purposes.

Firstly, rainwater falls on rooftops and is collected through pipes connected to the drainage system. Next, the water passes through a filter that removes leaves, dust, and other impurities. After that, the filtered water is directed into a storage tank where it is safely preserved for future use.

Furthermore, the stored water can be used for gardening, cleaning, and other household activities. In some cases, excess water is allowed to seep into the ground to recharge groundwater levels. Finally, the harvested rainwater helps reduce water wastage and supports water conservation.

In conclusion, rainwater harvesting is a simple and effective process that promotes sustainable use of water resources.

8. Map-Based Analytical Paragraph

A Map-Based Analytical Paragraph compares two maps (past vs present or present vs future) and describes the major changes in a place, town, village, park, school, etc.

Structure (120–150 Words)

Introduction

The given maps illustrate the changes that took place in __________ between __________ and __________.

Overview

Overall, it is evident that the area underwent significant development, with the addition of several new facilities and improvements in infrastructure.

Body

Firstly, __________ was located in the north/south/east/west of the area. However, it was replaced by __________. Moreover, __________ was constructed near __________.

Furthermore, the __________ was expanded, while the __________ was removed. In addition, new roads, pathways, or buildings were developed to improve accessibility.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the area transformed considerably over the given period and became more modern and well-developed.

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Sample Answer (120 Words)

The given maps illustrate the changes that took place in a town centre between 2000 and 2025. Overall, the town experienced significant development, with the addition of new facilities and improved transportation infrastructure.

Firstly, the open field located in the northern part of the town was replaced by a shopping complex. Moreover, a large parking area was constructed adjacent to the complex. In the eastern region, a residential area was expanded with the addition of several new houses.

Furthermore, the narrow road running through the town was widened to improve traffic flow. In contrast, the old market was demolished and replaced by a public park. Additionally, new pedestrian pathways were introduced to enhance accessibility.

In conclusion, the town became more modern, organized, and convenient for residents over the period shown.

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Useful Vocabulary for Maps

Change	Vocabulary
New thing added	constructed, built, developed, introduced, established
Removed	demolished, removed, cleared, replaced
Bigger	expanded, extended, enlarged
Smaller	reduced, downsized
No change	remained unchanged, stayed the same
Location	located in, situated in, positioned in
Comparison	whereas, while, however, in contrast, meanwhile

Common Overview Lines

• Overall, the area witnessed significant development over the period.
• Overall, several new facilities were introduced, while some older structures were removed.
• Overall, the region became more modern and better connected by transportation facilities.
• Overall, the most noticeable change was the construction of new buildings and infrastructure.

10. Behaviour, Character, Function, Pattern or Cycle-Based Analytical Paragraph

This type of analytical paragraph focuses on:

• Behaviour → actions or habits of a person/animal.
• Character → personality traits of a person.
• Function → purpose or role of an object/system.
• Pattern → trends, sequences, or recurring events.
• Cycle → stages of a natural or man-made process (e.g., water cycle, butterfly life cycle).

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Universal Template (120–150 Words)

The given information describes the behaviour/character/function/pattern/cycle of __________. Overall, it is evident that __________ plays an important role and demonstrates several notable characteristics.

Firstly, __________. Moreover, __________, which contributes significantly to __________. Furthermore, __________.

In addition, __________. However, __________. Despite this limitation, __________. As a result, __________.

In conclusion, the information highlights the key features of __________ and shows how its behaviour, characteristics, or functions contribute to its effectiveness and importance.

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Sample Answer (Character-Based)

Choosing the Best Team Member

The given information describes the characteristics of three students, namely Sunaina, Tahassum, and Alice. Overall, each student possesses unique strengths; however, Sunaina appears to be the most suitable partner for Jaspreet.

Firstly, Sunaina is highly disciplined and excels in meeting deadlines. Moreover, she has strong organisational skills and can handle multiple tasks efficiently. Although she is slightly reserved, her ability to work in a structured manner makes her reliable.

On the other hand, Tahassum is creative and enthusiastic. However, she sometimes struggles to stay focused and complete tasks on time. Similarly, Alice is confident and detail-oriented, but she may overlook collaborative efforts due to her preference for taking control.

In conclusion, Sunaina would be the best partner because her organisational abilities and reliability complement Jaspreet’s creativity and communication skills.

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Sample Answer (Cycle-Based)

Butterfly Life Cycle

The given diagram illustrates the life cycle of a butterfly. Overall, the cycle consists of four stages and begins with an egg before ending with an adult butterfly.

Firstly, a butterfly lays eggs on plant leaves. After a few days, the eggs hatch into caterpillars, which feed on leaves and grow rapidly. Next, the caterpillar forms a chrysalis or pupa around itself.

Furthermore, important developmental changes occur inside the pupa. Finally, an adult butterfly emerges and begins its life. The mature butterfly then lays eggs, and the cycle repeats.

In conclusion, the butterfly life cycle is a continuous process involving growth and transformation through four distinct stages.

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Useful Vocabulary

Behaviour	Character	Function	Pattern/Cycle
demonstrates	disciplined	serves as	begins with
exhibits	responsible	functions as	followed by
responds	creative	enables	subsequently
interacts	reliable	facilitates	eventually
adapts	confident	supports	repeats
cooperates	organised	contributes to	completes the cycle

Strong Opening Lines

• The given information highlights the characteristics of ________.
• The diagram illustrates the cycle of ________.
• The infographic describes the functions of ________.
• The profile provides insights into the behaviour and personality of ________.

11. Comparison or Contrast (Similarities and Differences) Based Analytical Paragraph

This type of analytical paragraph compares two or more subjects by highlighting their similarities and differences.

Examples:

• Online learning vs Classroom learning
• Urban life vs Rural life
• Public transport vs Private vehicles
• Climate Change vs Air Pollution
• Two products, people, places, or systems

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Universal Template (120–150 Words)

The given information compares __________ and __________ based on their features, characteristics, or impact. Overall, both share certain similarities; however, they differ in several important aspects.

To begin with, both __________ and __________ are similar because __________. Moreover, not only do they __________, but they also __________. As a result, __________.

However, there are significant differences between them. While __________, __________. Furthermore, unlike __________, __________. Consequently, __________.

Despite these differences, both play an important role in __________. In conclusion, although __________ and __________ have certain similarities, their differences make them suitable for different purposes and situations.

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Sample Answer (Online Learning vs Classroom Learning)

Online learning and classroom learning are two common methods of education. Overall, both aim to provide knowledge and develop skills; however, they differ in terms of interaction and flexibility.

To begin with, both learning methods help students gain knowledge and improve their academic performance. Moreover, not only do they provide educational resources, but they also support skill development. As a result, students can achieve their learning goals through either method.

However, there are significant differences between them. While online learning offers flexibility and allows students to study from any location, classroom learning provides direct interaction with teachers and classmates. Furthermore, unlike online education, traditional classrooms encourage better social development and immediate feedback.

In conclusion, although both methods are effective, their differences make them suitable for different learning needs and preferences.

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Useful Comparison & Contrast Vocabulary

Similarities

• similarly
• likewise
• both
• in the same way
• equally
• share common features

Differences

• however
• whereas
• while
• unlike
• in contrast
• on the contrary
• differ in terms of

Result

• therefore
• consequently
• as a result
• thus

High-Scoring Sentence Starters

• Both ______ and ______ contribute to ______.
• Not only does ______, but it also ______.
• While ______, ______.
• Unlike ______, ______.
• Although they share similarities, they differ in _____

12.